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The Reaction of Propanoic Acid with Alcohols to make Esters.

Propanoic acid will react with alcohols in the presence of
concentrated sulfuric acid, to form esters.
Concentrated sulfuric acid is a catalyst for this reaction.

methanol   +  propanoic acid   methyl propanoate  +  water.
CH₃OH_(aq)  +  C₂H₅CO₂H_(aq)     C₂H₅CO₂CH_3(aq)  +   H₂O_(l)

The structure of methyl propanoate.

ethanol   +    propanoic acid      ethyl propanoate + water.
C₂H₅OH_(aq)  +   C₂H₅CO₂H_(aq)     C₂H₅CO₂C₂H_5(aq) + H₂O_(l)

The structure of ethyl propanoate.

propanol      +   propanoic acid   propyl propanoate  +  water.
C₃H₇OH_(aq)   +   C₂H₅CO₂H_(aq)    C₂H₅CO₂C₃H_7(aq)   +  H₂O_(l)

The structure of propyl propanoate.

butanol    +   propanoic acid      butyl propanoate   +   water.
C₄H₉OH_(aq) + C₂H₅CO₂H_(aq)     C₂H₅CO₂C₄H_9(aq)  +  H₂O_(l)

The structure of butyl propanoate.

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