GCSE PHYSICS - Refraction of Light through a Convex Lens

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Refraction of Light through a Convex Lens.

When light rays go through a convex lens the rays are refracted.
For any ray entering the lens that is not along a normal
the light will change direction at both surfaces
(see the picture below) where the air meets the glass.
A ray entering along the normal will pass straight through.
The normal for a lens is also called the principle axis.

$Convex Lens Showing Refraction$

The light ray is often not shown changing direction
at both surfaces of the lens but just changing direction
once to give the overall effect. Sometimes the lens
is just shown as a thin straight line instead of a
curved surface. The pictures below give both ways of
showing the same thing. Either way is acceptable.

$Convex Lens showing Refractions$

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