GCSE CHEMISTRY - What are the Structure and Properties of a Solid, a Liquid and a Gas?

What are the Structure and Properties of a Solid, Liquid and Gas?

What is the Structure of a Solid?

A solid has a regular arrangement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules).
The particles are close together and cannot move around so the
shape of a solid is fixed. A solid is said to have long range order
which means that the regular arrangement of particles keeps
repeating itself over and over for a huge number of particles.

What are the Properties of a Solid?

A solid cannot be compressed because the particles are close together.
If a solid is heated its volume will increase as the temperature increases.
This happens because the particles vibrate more and move a little
further apart causing a decrease in density. A solid has a fixed shape.

What is the Structure of a Liquid?

A liquid has an arrangement of particles that are close together
(like a solid) but the particles are free to move because the
force of attraction between the particles is weaker than it is in
a solid. A liquid is said to have short range order which means that the
arrangement of particles only repeats itself for a small number of particles.

What are the Properties of a Liquid?

A liquid will flow to take the shape of its container. If a liquid is heated
its volume changes with temperature in the same way as a solid (see above).
A liquid cannot be compressed because the particles are close together.

What is the Structure of a Gas?

A gas has no order, its particles are arranged at random. The particles
in a gas are so far apart that there is no force of attraction between them.
The particles are unaware of each others existence unless they collide.

What are the Properties of a Gas?

A gas will fill the whole volume of its container. A gas is easily compressed.
The speed of the particles in a gas increases as the temperature increases.
This causes the pressure of a gas to increase as the temperature increases.

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