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Heptane (C₇H₁₆).

Heptane is commonly represented by the structural formula

and octane (C₈H₁₈) by the structural formula

where the single lines between the atoms represent single covalent bonds.

Note that each carbon atom has four bonds (valency 4),
and each hydrogen atom has one bond (valency 1).
Valency is the combining power of an atom.

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