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Rates of Reaction

Catalysts - Enzymes - Industrial Use in Manufacturing.

Enzymes are used in industry so that reactions can happen
at everyday temperatures and pressures.
This allows savings in terms of energy
and the cost of building and maintaining expensive plant.

Sometimes a whole organism containing the enzyme is used
(for example yeast or bacteria).
Conditions are chosen to stabilise the organism.
This means keeping it alive and active for long periods of time
by providing it with all its living needs.

Sometimes the enzyme is extracted and immobilised.
This means that the enzyme is trapped in an unreactive carrier.
Alginate beads are often used for this
(alginate is a carbohydrate which is extracted from seaweed).

Either of these methods allow the enzymes to be used many times
in a continuous process rather than a batch process.

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